Economical Effects Of El Nino

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Economical Effects Of El Nino

Economical Effects of El Niño El Niño is a warm coastal current that flows south along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru (Wyrtki). El Niño is a Spanish term meaning the child. The name refers to the Christ child because it usually begins around Christmas and ends around Easter (Cane). El Niño has recurred about twenty four times in the last century (Erickson). It is first recorded as far back as the early 1500's and returns on average of once every four years (Cane). El Niño causes much destruction in the short time it lasts. This system has been known to cause forest fires, typhoons, torrential rains, unusually powerful hurricanes, flash floods, severe droughts, and freak snow storms (Nash). The 1982 El Niño is thought to have triggered the 1982 eruption of the El Chichon volcano in Mexico. The 1982-1983 El Niño also caused so much destruction that the weather-related damage estimated at more than $6.5 billion. A typhoon named Iwa, caused by El Niño, that hit the Hawaiian Islands in November, 19823 caused $2 million in damages (Erickson). El Niño is one of the strongest weather systems known to man and can destroy lives and production, both agriculturally and economically, with very little warning at all. When a major El Niño ocean warming occurs, the barometric pressure over vast areas of the southeast Pacific falls, while the pressure in Indonesia and northern Australia rises. When El Niño ends, the pressure difference between these two areas swings in the opposite direction, creating a mass seesawing of atmospheric pressure. This phenomenon is called the Southern Oscillation. The Southern Oscillation is related to large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation over the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans. When the Southern Oscillation index is low, summer monsoon rains in India fail, and when the index is high, the rains are abundant (Erickson). An irregular oscillation of atmospheric mass occurs between the Indonesian low pressure system, and the Easter Island high pressure system. This oscillation can last for several years (Wyrtki). El Niño has an immense effect on the economy in many ways. From the 1982-1983 El Niño, weather related damage around the Pacific rim estimated at more than $6.5 billion (Erickson). El Niño has caused destructive flooding, drought in the West Pacific, and is sometimes associated with devastating brush fires in Australia (TAO). Of the past twenty-eight El Niño's twenty-two have been associated wi...

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