Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases are infectious diseases that can be spread by
sexual contact. Some can also be transmitted by non-sexual ways, but these make
up a minority of the total number of cases. An estimated ten to twelve million
Americans have sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases in
the United States affect both sexes, all races, and every economic stature.
STD's come from different sources. Some are epidemic like gonorrhea, infections
of the urethra, genital herpes, and genital warts. Some diseases are caused by a
bacterium such as Chlamydia, and others are from protozoan or yeast. Many of
these infections are transmitted largely by sexual contact with an infected
person. The practice of anal and oral sex also lead to cases of anal and oral
infections. Gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydial infections can also be
transmitted from a pregnant woman to her infant, either in the uterus or during
birth. Sexually transmitted diseases are very hard to control. Some public
officials attribute the increase in many of these diseases to increasing sexual
activity. Others say the replacement of the condom with birth control pills and
diaphragms might also increase the risk of STD's. "Many STD's are
transmitted more efficiently from men to women than the reverse, perhaps because
the vagina serves as a reservoir that prolongs exposure to infectious secretion
(Handsfield 2)" The physical examination of patients with STD or at risk is
a simple procedure. All patients require inspection of the entire skin surface.
At a minimum they carefully inspect all skin surfaces that are uncovered or
exposed during genital examination. This includes the face, head, hands, lower
arms, lower trunk, pubic area, thighs, mouth and throat. Also checked in men are
the genitals and the pubic and inguinal regions, the penis, urethra, urethral
bulb, and the scrotum are checked for tenderness and other abnormalities.
"For homosexually active men, the anus and perineum are carefully
inspected. The examination of women includes inspection of the pubis area, the
external genitals, perineum and anus, speculum examination of the vaginal mucosa
and cervix, and a bimanual pelvic examination (Handsfield 4)." A way to
avoid STD's and unwanted pregnancies is to use a condom. "A condom is a
sheath worn over the penis during oral, anal, and vaginal sexual contact
(Virginia Tech Health Services)." Condoms can be made of latex rubber or
animal membran...
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