Sartre`s Existentialism
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Sartre`s Existentialism
The word philosophy comes from Greek and literally means "love of
wisdom." The Merriam- Webster dictionary defines philosophy as "a
critical study of fundamental beliefs and the grounds for them." Because of
the diversity of positions associated with existentialism, the term is
impossible to define precisely. However, existentialism is a philosophical
movement of the 19th and 20th century that centers on the analysis of individual
existence and the given situation of the individual who must assume complete
responsibility for his acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what
is right or wrong or good or bad. Existentialism was started in the late 19th
century by philosophers who called themselves existentialists. These
existentialists, such as Pascal, Kierekegaard, and Heidegger, gave
existentialism its foundation. Jean-Paul Sartre first gave the term
existentialism general currency by using it for his own philosophy. He also
became the leading figure of the existentialist movement in France that became
internationally influential after World War II. Sartre insisted that his
existentialism is a form of Humanism, and he strongly emphasized human freedom,
choice, and responsibility. Sartre was born in 1905 in Paris and died in 1980.
He expressed his dedication to his philosophy in both what he wrote and in the
way he lived his life. During the 1930s he began to develop his existentialist
philosophy. In 1938 he published his first major work, the novel ‘Nausea',
which set forth his existentialist ideas. He was very active politically and
founded a monthly magazine which dealt with politics, philosophy, and art. He
wrote well-known plays and won the Nobel prize for literature. Existentialism is
a philosophy which deals with man; it states that man is that which he makes of
himself, that he has to make his own choices in a state of anguish. Man chooses
in anguish, because he has no external guidelines to help him and must rely on
his own morals and beliefs. Choice is a very large theme in the philosophy of
existentialism. One chooses completely want he wants to do; one's existence
depends on this. Sartre even says that "man is freedom." Sartre and
the modern existentialists contrast their position on morality to that of the
secular moralists of the end of the 18th century. They said that although there
is no God, that there are moral values that one should take seriously, such as
not lying, not beating one's wife, bringing up ...
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