Brca1 & Brca2
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Brca1 & Brca2
Are Women More
Susceptible
to Breast and Ovarian
Cancer If a Mutation in
BRCA1 and BRCA2 is
Found
Breast and Ovarian cancer are the two most common kinds of cancers
found in women in the United States. An estimated 90-95% of cancer cases
are believed to be environmental and lifestyle related. The remaining five to
ten percent of these types of cancers may be caused by inherited genetic
mutations. The existence of a breast cancer susceptibility gene known as
BRCA1 and its approximate location on human chromosome 17 have been
known for about 4 years, on the basis of retrospective family studies. But
only since 1994 have scientist actually been able to isolate and sequence the
gene. In 1995, BRCA2 (a similar gene) was identified. In some families, the
gene is inherited in a mutated form. Women who inherit a mutated form are
highly susceptible to breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are
two known genes that are responsible for an increased risk of both breast and
ovarian cancer. (Malone 136)
What is cancer? Cancer is defined as a disease in which abnormal
cells multiply without control, destroying healthy tissue and endangering life.
Cancer occurs in most species of animals and in many kinds of plants, as well
as human beings. About 100 types of cancers attack human beings. BRCA1
and BRCA2 are genes linked to breast (male and female), prostate, ovarian,
and colon cancer. (Harris 1)
Cancer strikes people of all ages, but especially middle-aged to elderly
people. It occurs equally among both males and females. The disease can
attack any part of the body and may spread through means of blood flow.
Cancer may spread only if it is not caught in time. Many types of cancers are
determined in various stages in which they can be treated and possibly cured.
(Harris 2)
The occurrence of a specific kind of cancer varies from country to
country. For example cancer of the stomach is much more common in Japan
than in the United States. The primary body sites that cancer strikes most
often are the skin; the female breasts; and the organs of the digestive,
respiratory, reproductive, blood-forming, lymphatic, and urinary systems.
(Harris 2)
The body of an adult human being is made up of hundreds of billions of
cells. Each minute, several billion of these die and are replaced several
billion new cells. Each if these new cells then doubles in size and becomes
capable of dicing throughout mitosis. This way, new cells are being produced
for every cell th...
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