Roman And Greek Kingdoms
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Roman And Greek Kingdoms
The Romans, unlike the Greeks were not gifted in abstract thought. They
constructed no original system of philosophy, invented no major literary forms,
and made no scientific discoveries. Yet, they excelled in the art of government
and empire building, they created a workable world-state and developed skills in
administration, law, and practical affairs. In the Punic Wars, the Roman
republic defeated the Carthaginians in North Africa and Rome inherited the
Pergamene Kingdom from the last of the Attalids in 133 B.C. Rome became heir to
the legacy of the Hellenistic world of the Greeks. The Hellenistic period which
lasted 300 years in is noted by the death of Alexander in 323 B.C. It is marked
by its rich, sophisticated and diverse culture. Many Romans were eager to merge
with this Greek culture in order to exhibit the dominance of their rule over
conquered societies. This exhibition of dominance was the primary motivation of
the Roman desire to possess fine works of Greek Art. Whereas, other Romans, were
convinced that the pursuit of the assimilation of foreign cultures would only
harm the republic. During this time, much social disintegration and unhindered
individualism threatened political stability. However, the adoption of Greek art
for Roman needs was very popular. An educated Roman was well versed in the
history of Greek Art and was socially compelled to collect Greek art for
personal embellishment. The modernization of the old Sanctuary of Fortuna
Primigenia is an example of the new Roman attitude toward art and architecture
as Greek artists migrated in vast numbers to the new capital of the world. Roman
generals and their quest to establish Rome as the new unchallenged capital of
the world justified the expense of replanning the old sanctuary. This
accomplishment would bring them personal glory and uplift the majestic status of
Roman people. Roman architecture benefited as the city's wealth grew as other
leaders contributed to the expansion of new monuments. Lucias Cornelius Sculla,
(82-78 B.C.) led the Romans is Social War and later became dictator and master
of the city of Rome. He brought Corinthian columns form the temple of Olympian
Zeus in Athens to renew the shrine of the Roman Jupiter in the capital. This act
symbolized the transferal of spiritual power from the aristocracy of the Senate
to autocratic leaders, and art began to be shaped by their preferences. This
satisfied the Roman desire for grandiose architectu...
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