Automobile Emissions
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Automobile Emissions
Pollution from automobile emissions has become over the past few decades an
issue of great concern. With a growing number of motor vehicles on our roads
great concern has been attributed to the effects of these emissions to our
health and to the environment. Several of the gases emitted, which when present
in certain concentrations in our atmosphere can be toxic, therefor these
ultimate concentrations must never be achieved. Strict legislation as well as
sophisticated control technology has been implemented in the automotive industry
in order to limit the pollution caused. These aspects of automotive pollution
shall be further discussed in this paper. KEYWORDS: Pollution, Car Pollution,
Automotive emissions, Emission gases, Catalysts 1. INTRODUCTION The relationship
between air pollution and automobile exhaust emissions has been established
largely due to studies done in California. At first the problem was believed to
be a combination of smoke and fog, which was similar to problems faced in London
since the middle ages. In Los Angeles the severity of air pollution has caused
vegetation damage, eye and throat irritation, a decrease in visibility as well
as several other effects. Automobile and truck exhausts contain substances which
can adversely affect human health when exposed to concentrations above ambient
level. Emissions from automobiles usually consist of carbon monoxides, oxides
from sulfur and nitrogen, unburned hydrocarbons, smog, and particulate matter,
which includes smoke. Pollutant concentration and time of exposure are the two
main factors which affect human health. Air emissions from automobiles can also
have an overall effect on the environmental quality in several ways. Emissions
from nitrogen oxides (NOx) can contribute to the acid deposition problem,
combinations of NOx and hydrocarbons can help produce ozone and photochemical
oxidants and lastly pollutants from automobiles and ozone formation can
contribute to the ambient air pollution problem in urban areas. As a result of
increasing concern about the role of the motor vehicle in contributing to these
health and environmental problems as well as the possibility of these problems
to increase due to a growing number of cars worldwide, strict legislation has
caused engine emission control technology to quickly develop. As legislations
become more severe, emission control technology is constantly changed or
modified in order to meet the new requirements and reduce t...
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