Austria

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Austria

Austria is the republic in central Europe. It is about 360 miles long and has an
area of about 32,378 square miles. Vienna is the country’s capital and largest
city. Austria is predominantly a mountainous country, with an average elevation
of about 3000 feet. Most of the land falls within the eastern part of the Alps.
In general the major mountain ranges of Austria run in an eastern-western
direction and are separated from one another by large valleys. The northernmost
line of ranges includes the North Tirol Alps and the Salzburg Alps. Among the
central range is the Hohe Tauern, which tops in the Grossglockner, the highest
elevation in the country. The Pasterze Glacier, one of Europe’s largest,
descends from the Grossglockner peak. The southernmost ranges include the Ötztal
Alps, the Zillertaler Alps, the Carnic Alps, and the Karawanken Mountains.
Besides these eastern-western ranges, several series of mountain extend in a
northern-southern direction. The mountain barriers of Austria are broken in many
places by passes, including the Brenner Pass and the Semmering Pass. The
principal river is the Danube, which enters Austria at Passau on the German
border. Austrian tributaries of the Danube include the Inn, Traun, Enns, and
Ybbs rivers. In the south, important rivers are the Mur and the Mürz. In
addition to the rivers, the hydrographic system of the country includes numerous
lakes, Bodensee, and Neusiedler Lake in Burgenland. The lake is the country’s
lowest elevation point. The Austrian climate varies with altitude. Mountainous
regions are subject to moderate Atlantic conditions and experience more
precipitation than the eastern lowlands. Spring and fall are usually mild
throughout the country. Summers are short with moderate temperatures. Cold and
often severe winters last about three months in the valleys. The foehn is
important to Austria’s agricultural production, allowing for early cultivation
of the southern valleys. Average annual temperatures range between about 44°
and 48° F throughout the country. Average annual rainfall is about 26 inches in
Vienna and about 34 inches in Innsbruck. In some interior valleys, the average
annual rainfall is between about 60 and 80 inches. Austria has large deposits of
iron ore, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, and natural gas and is a prime world
agent of high-grade graphite. Some small deposits of bituminous coal have been
mined, as well as lead, zinc, copper, kaolin, gypsum, mica, quartz, salt,
bauxite, ...

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