ARPANET And Internet

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ARPANET And Internet


Many people do not understand what the Internet is the power that it has over
the world. The Internet is an extraordinary learning and entertainment tool
that, when used properly, can significantly enhance a user's ability to gather
information. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) started the
Internet. It was a project under taken by the Department Of Defense (DOD) in
1969. It started as an experiment to link together DOD and military research
including Universities doing military-funded research. "The reliable
networking part involved dynamic rerouting." (Levine 12) If one of the
computers was under enemy attack, the information could be automatically
transferred to other links. Fortunately, the Net is not usually under enemy
attack. The ARPANET was very successful, and every university in the country
wanted to sign up. Because so many people wanted to use the Net, ARPANET started
getting hard to manage, especially with many university sites on it. Therefore,
it was broken into two parts: MILNET, which had all the military sites, and
ARPANET, which had all the nonmilitary sites. "The two networks remained
connected, however, thanks to a technical scheme called IP (Internet Protocol),
which enabled traffic to be routed from one net to another as needed. All the
networks connected by IP in the Internet speak IP, so they can all exchange
messages." (Levine 12) Even though there were only two networks at that
time, IP was made to allow thousands of networks. The IP is designed so that
every computer on an IP network is compatible. That means any machine can
communicate with any other machine. The Internet, also called the Net, is the
world's largest computer network. The Internet is the "network of all
networks." (Levine 7) The networks are connected to big companies like
AT&T, as well as to home computers. About 1,000 networks join each month.
Every computer that is attached to the Internet is called a host. Hosts can be
super computers with thousands of users, regular PC's with only a couple of
users, or specialized computers, like routers that connect networks together or
to terminal servers that let terminals dial in and connect to other hosts. Each
computer has its own host number. "Being computers, the kind of numbers
hosts like are 32-bit binary numbers." (Hayden 32) Here is an example of a
binary number: 1011010010010100100100101000 Binary numbers are easier to
remember by breaking them up into eight 4-bit groups...

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