History In Marx And Freud

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History In Marx And Freud

Marx and Freud are regard as very controversial individuals. They both had very unusual view of the world around them but were not afraid to express their ideas, which to many people were revolutionary. Marx and Freud formulated their opinions about the development of human history with which some might disagree. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx states that development of human history is based on economics, while Freud in Civilization and its Discontents claims that history of civilization is influenced by human nature and interaction with one another.
Marx views history as being determined by economics, which for him is the source of class differences. History is describe in The Communist Manifesto as a series of conflicts between oppressing classes and oppressed classes. According to this view of history, massive changes occur in a society when new technological capabilities allow a portion of the oppressed class to destroy the power of the oppressing class. Marx briefly traces the development of this through different periods, mentioning some of the various oppressed and oppressing classes, but points out that in earlier societies there were many differentiations of social classes. Marx sees the modern age as being distinguished from earlier periods by the simplifications of the class conflict, splitting up society into two great hostile groups: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Marx starts off stating that in order for men to make history they must be able to live. According to him a human beings needs for survival include food, water, shelter and clothes. All these things need to be produced therefore the first stage of history is the production of the goods needed for survival. Without organized way for production Marx claims, no civilized society can function well and therefore by able to make history. This materialistic approach leads to the conclusion that the commerce and industry are fundamentals of any civilization.
The second point Marx argues that helps shape human history is the interaction between people. Men realize that close interaction with one another is necessary for well-developed society. Yet when humans begin to form families it creates new social relations between them and leads to division of labor. The separation of the individuals into families and division of labor in the family develops unequal distribution, where the children and the wife are slaves of the husband(159) and where the more p...

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